Several academic libraries hold large collections of printed annual reports. Purdue University hosts a database for searching these collections. In most cases you must visit the holding library to access the reports, but some may be available through Interlibrary Loan
The Lippincott Library at the University of Pennsylvania has digitized a small number of historical annual reports and made them available online. The collection is small but could be of interest for researchers.
Financial information for most publicly traded companies can be found in Moody's Manuals (later called Mergent Manuals). The Library has these on microfiche and online in Mergent Archives.
State required business filings are often available online, but there is no
central service available to University of Chicago users.
This site has aggregated
information about sources for these filings, listed by state.